| Name ▲▼ | Origin ▲▼ | Description ▲▼ |
|---|---|---|
| Goddess name "Maia" | Greco - Roman | Chthonic or earth goddess. Originally, in pre-Homeric times, a mountain spirit who subsequently became a minor consort of ZEUS. The Romans worshiped her as an obscure goddess of the plains who became briefly a consort of JUPITER, and they perceived her as the mother of the messenger god Mercury. Her cult was åśśociated with that of VulcanUS. Possibly the origin of the name of the month of May.See also MERCURIUS.... |
| Goddess name "Mandulis [Greek]" | Nubian | Sun god. Mandulis was chiefly revered in a Greco-Roman cult. His most important sanctuary was at Kalabsha, close to the Aswan High Dam, and now relocated. A sanctuary was also constructed on the Greek island of Philae where he seems to have enjoyed an åśśociation with the goddess ISIS. Also Merwel (Egyptian).... |
| God name "Minos" | Greco - Roman | Minor underworld god. A son of Zeus and Europa. The mythical king of Crete. One of three judges of the dead souls entering Hades. His cult is linked with the worship of bulls.... |
| God name "Mithras" | Greco - Roman | God of soldiers. Derived from the Indian-Persian model. He became particularly prominent among military people throughout the Roman Empire during the first and second centuries AD, as a god symbolizing loyalty and truth. The cult was performed in an underground temple, the mitbraeum, and involved the sacrifice of a bull. Mithraism, under Roman influence, was an exclusively male cult.... |
| Spirit name "Naiades" | Greco - Roman | Animistic water spirits. Female personalities åśśigned the guardianship of fresh waters by the great gods, and invoked locally at sacred pools and springs. They were also regarded as minor patrons of music and poetry.... |
| Spirit name "Napaeae" | Greco - Roman | Animistic spirits of valleys. Female personalities åśśigned the guardianship of fertile green valleys by the great gods and invoked locally in small country shrines.... |
| Goddess name "Nemesis" | Greco - Roman | Goddess of justice and revenge. The dreaded deity who, with the Furies, is responsible for transporting the souls of the guilty to Tartarus. She is also described as the deification of indignation. Her presence may be symbolized by the fabulous winged griffon. Her cult was predominantly at Rhamnus (Attica), where a magnificent temple was built in her honor in the fifth century BC, and in Smyrna. She also had a temple at Iconium in Asia Minor. According to legend, ZEUS raped her and she bore HELEN in consequence. In certain respects she provides a parallel with the goddess ERINYS. Her cult became one of morality.... |
| Spirit name "Nereides" | Greco - Roman | Animistic spirits of the sea. Female personalities, the best known of whom is AMPHITRITE, åśśigned the guardianship of the oceans by the great gods and invoked by seafarers. Also attendants of the god POSEIDON.... |
| Goddess name "Nike" | Greco - Roman | Goddess of victory. Depicted as a winged messenger bringing the laurel wreath to the victor of battle. Though of Greek origin, appearing in the Theogony of Hesiod, she was adopted by the Romans and worshiped extensively throughout Asia Minor, including Sardis. In some depictions the goddess ATHENA carries NIKE as a small winged figure. Also VICTORIA (Roman).... |
| Goddess name "Okeanides" | Greco - Roman | Sea deities. Minor goddesses åśśigned the guardianship of oceans by the great gods and invoked by seafarers. In alternative tradition, they are river gods, the sons of OKEANOS.... |
| Goddess name "Ops" | Greco - Roman | Goddess of harvests. Honored in an annual festival on August 25. She is also concerned with regulating the proper growth of seeds. A sanctuary is dedicated to her in the Regia in Rome.... |
| Spirit name "Oreades" | GrecoRoman | Animistic spirits of the mountains. Female personalities åśśigned the guardianship of mountains by the great gods. Invoked by travelers to ensure their safety.... |
| God name "Palaemon" | Greco - Roman | Minor sea god. Originally Melikertes, the son of Ino, Palaemon was deified by the gods when his mother hurled herself from a cliff with her son in her arms. According to versions of the legend she was either insane or escaping the wrath of Athanas, king of Thebes.... |
| Goddess name "Parcae" | Greco - Roman | Goddesses of fate. Originally a pair of birth goddesses, DECIMA and NONA, later joined by a goddess of death, MORTA.... |
| God name "Priapos" | Greco - Roman / Phrygian | Fertility god. The son of DIONYSOS and APHRODITE, he was also a guardian of mariners. Priapos was not regarded as a significant deity in Greece until very late timesduring the Macedonian period, circa fourth to second century BCand was only locally popular during the Roman Empire period. He is particularly known from Phrygia and is depicted as a satyr-like creature with pronounced genitals.... |
| Goddess name "Renenutet" | Egypt | Snake goddess. Also possessing fertility connotations, she guarded the pharaoh in the form of a cobra. There is some evidence that she enjoyed a cult in the Faiyum, the highly fertile region of the Nile valley. She is depicted either in human form or as a hooded cobra, in which case she bears close åśśociation with the goddess WADJET who is embodied in the uraeus. Her gaze has the power to conquer enemies. In her capacity as a fertility goddess she suckles infant rulers and provides good crops and harvests, linked in this capacity to OSIRIS and the more ancient grain god NEPER. She is also a magical power residing in the linen robe of the pharaoh and in the linen bandages with which he is swathed in death. At Edfu Renenutet takes the title lady of the robes. In the Greco-Roman period, she became adopted by the Greeks as the goddess Hermouthis and was syncretized with ISIS.... |
| Goddess name "Rhadamanthos" | Greco - Roman | Minor chthonic underworld god. One of three judges attending the goddess of justice THEMIS evaluating the souls of the dead entering Hades.... |
| God name "Sarapis" | Late Egypt | God. Known only from the Greco-Roman period of the early Ptolemies (fourth century BC) but persisting in Europe until second or third century AD. In Egyptian religion Sarapis is a hybridization of certain aspects of OSIRIS, the underworld god, and APIS, the bull god, who symbolizes the earthly presence of PTAH. Sarapis is perceived to epitomize both the fertility of the land and the life of the sacred bull after death. In Greek mythology he takes on aspects of ZEUS, HELIOS, ASKLEPIOS and DIONYSOS. He was worshiped extensively in the Roman Empire period. A sanctuary at York in England was dedicated by a soldier of the sixth legion, and magnificent statues were discovered in the Walbrook Mithraeum in London, and at Merida in Spain. Also Seraphis (Greek).... |
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