| Name ▲▼ | Origin ▲▼ | Description ▲▼ |
|---|---|---|
| Goddess name "BAAL (lord)" | Western Semitic / Canaanite / northern Israel, Lebanon / later Egypt | vegetation deity and national god. Baal may have originated in pre-agricultural times as god of storms and Rain. He is the son of DAGAN and in turn is the father of seven storm gods, the Baalim of the Vetus Testamentum, and seven midwife goddesses, the SASURATUM. He is considered to have been worshiped from at least the nineteenth century BC. Later he became a vegetation god concerned with fertility of the land. From the mid-sixteenth century BC in the Egyptian New kingdom, Baal enjoyed a significant cult following, but the legend of his demise and restoration was never equated with that of OSIRIS. In the Greco-Roman period, Baal became åśśimilated in the Palestine region with ZEUS and JUPITER, but as a Punic deity [Carthage] he was allied with SATURNUS, the god of seed-sowing.... |
| Nymph name "Juturna" | Roman | Juterna, the nymph of a well in Latium, famous for its excellent healing qualities. She is said to have been beloved by Jupiter, who rewarded her with immortality and the rule over the waters. Arnobius calls her the wife of Jåñuś and mother of Fontus, but in the Aeneid she appears as the affectionate sister of Turnus. Roman |
"Lactåñuś" | Greek | Lactans, Lacturnus, and Lacturcia, Lactura, Roman divinities, who were believed to protect the young fruits of the field. Some believe that Lactans and Lacturcia are mere surnames of Ops, and that Lacturnus is a surname of Saturnus. Greek |
| King name "Mezentius" | Greek | A mythical king of the Tyrrhenians or Etruscans, at Caere or Agylla, and father of Lausus. When he was expelled by his subjects on account of his cruelty he took refuge with Turnus, king of the Rutulians, and åśśisted him in his war against Aeneas and the Trojans. Greek |
"Nodotus" | Roman | A divinity presiding over the knots in the stem of plants producing grain but it seems more probable that originally it was only a surname of Saturnus. Roman |
"Ops" | Roman | A female Roman divinity of plenty and fertility, as is indicated by her name, which is connected with opimus opulentus, inops, and copia. She was regarded as the wife of Saturnus, and, accordingly, as the protectress of every thing connected with Agriculture. Her abode was in the earth, and hence those who invoked her, or made vows to her, used to touch the ground, and as she was believed to give to human beings both their place of abode and their food, newly-born children were recommended to her care. |
| Deity name "Pilumnus" | Roman | A nature deity, brother of Piçúɱnus. He ensured children grew properly and stayed healthy. Ancient Romans made an extra bed after the birth of a child in order to ensure the help of Pilumnus. He also taught humanity how to grind grain and sometimes identified as the husband of Danae, and therefore the father of Danaus and the ancestor of Turnus. Roman |
| God name "Saturn/ Saturnus" | Roman | A god of Agriculture, seeds, astronomy, Saturn, education |
"Saturnia" | Roman | A daughter of Saturnus, and accordingly used as a surname of Juno and Vesta. Roman |
| King name "Saturnus" | Italy | A mythical king of Italy to whom was ascribed the introduction of Agriculture and the habits of civilised life in general. |
| Planet name "Saturnus" | Roman | Astral god. Identified with the planet Saturn, but thought to have originated as an agricultural deity concerned with sowing of seed. A sanctuary existed on the Roman forum from as early as 450 BC, also functioning as the imperial treasury. Saturnus was celebrated in the Saturnalia festival (December 17-19) during which masters and slaves exchanged roles and candles were given as gifts to symbolize the Winter darkness.... |
"Sterculius" | Roman | A surname of Saturnus, derived from Stercus, manure, because he had promoted Agriculture by teaching the people the use of manure. This seems to have been the original meaning, though some Romans state that Sterculius was a surname of Piçúɱnus, the son of Faunus, to whom likewise improvements in Agriculture are ascribed. Roman |
| King name "Turnus" | Italy | A son of Daunus and Venilia, and king of the Rutulians at the time of the arrival of Aeneas in Italy. |
| Nymph name "Venilia" | Roman | A Roman divinity connected with the winds (venti) and the sea. Virgil and Ovid describe her as a nymph, a sister of Amata, and the wife of Faunus, by whom she became the mother of Turnus, Jutuma, and Canens. Aeneid x. Metamorphoses by Ovid xiv.) |
| God name "Volturnus" | Sabine | A river god of the waters, probably derived from a local Sabine regional cult. |
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